Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a category of eye illnesses that cause optic nerve (or retina) damage and visual loss. The most frequent variety is open-angle (wide angle, chronic simple) glaucoma, in which the drainage angle for fluid within the eye stays open, whereas closed-angle (narrow angle, acute congestive) glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma are less prevalent.

There is no discomfort with open-angle glaucoma since it grows slowly over time. If not addressed, peripheral vision may begin to deteriorate, followed by central vision, eventually leading to blindness. Closed-angle glaucoma can manifest gradually or abruptly. Severe eye discomfort, blurred vision, a mid-dilated pupil, redness of the eye, and nausea may accompany the abrupt onset. Once glaucoma has caused vision loss, it is irreversible.

Glaucoma-affected eyes are referred to as glaucomatous.

Glaucoma risk factors include growing age, high intraocular pressure, a family history of glaucoma, and usage of steroid treatment. A number of 21 mmHg or 2.8 kPa over atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) is commonly used for ocular pressures, with higher pressures posing a larger danger.

However, some people can have high eye pressure for years without experiencing any injury. Optic nerve injury can occur with normal pressure, which is known as normal-tension glaucoma.